Meteorology

Use this for “Sea-level pressure is 1,013.25 hPa and the scale height is 8 km. What is the pressure 1.6 km up?”

Use this for “Meteors burn up about 80 km above the ground. Which layer of the atmosphere is that?”

Use this for “Air at the ground is 30 °C with a dew point of 14 °C. How high is the cloud base, and how warm is it there?”

Use this for “Air at 25 °C has a dew point of 15 °C at 1,000 hPa. Find eₛ, e, the relative humidity and the mixing ratio.”

Use this for “The air cools 7.5 °C per km above the ground. Is it stable, conditionally unstable or unstable?”

Use this for “Steady rain falls at 10 mm/h. What reflectivity does the radar see, in dBZ? What rain rate gives 50 dBZ?”

Use this for “A thin white veil makes a halo around the Sun. Is it a high, middle or low cloud, and which genus?”

Use this for “Explain how snow and most mid-latitude rain form in a cloud colder than 0 °C.”

Use this for “A tornado’s centre is 50 hPa below the air around it. How fast is its wind, and does the Coriolis force matter at a 200 m radius, 35° N?”

Use this for “Steady rain falls for hours from a gray sheet of cloud, then the air turns warmer. Which front passed?”

Use this for “How strong an updraft keeps a 4 cm hailstone aloft?”