Biochemistry

Use this for “How long is a stretch of 18 residues as an α-helix, and how many turns does it make? How long would it be as a β-strand?”

Use this for “Is a disulfide bond between two cysteines far apart in the chain part of the primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure?”

Use this for “An enzyme runs at 2.5 μM/s with 20 μM substrate and 4 μM/s with 80 μM. Find Kₘ and Vₘₐₓ.”

Use this for “A competitive inhibitor with Kᵢ = 5 μM is added at 10 μM to an enzyme with Vₘₐₓ = 5 μM/s and Kₘ = 20 μM. Find the rate at 60 μM substrate.”

Use this for “With the inhibitor, Kₘ doubled but Vₘₐₓ did not change. What kind of inhibitor is it?”

Use this for “Oxidizing one pyruvate completely makes 4 NADH, 1 FADH₂ and 1 GTP. How many ATP is that?”

Use this for “How many ATP does one stearate (18 carbons) give when it is oxidized completely to CO₂?”

Use this for “Name the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in order. Which steps release CO₂, and which make NADH?”

Use this for “Fructose 6-phosphate + Pᵢ → fructose 1,6-bisphosphate has ΔG°′ = +16.3 kJ/mol. Coupled to ATP hydrolysis (−30.5 kJ/mol), find the total ΔG°′ and K′ at 25 °C.”

Use this for “Two electrons pass from succinate (E°′ = +0.031 V) to O₂ (E°′ = +0.815 V). Find ΔG°′ and how many ATP it could pay for.”

Use this for “A mitochondrion has Δψ = 0.170 V, the matrix negative, and its matrix pH is 0.50 above the outside. Find ΔG for each H⁺ that flows back in at 37 °C.”

Use this for “Cl⁻ is 110 mM outside a neuron and 10 mM inside. Find its equilibrium potential at 37 °C.”

Use this for “Linoleic acid is 18:2. Is it saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated?”

Use this for “A DNA sample diluted 50 times reads A₂₆₀ = 0.318 and A₂₈₀ = 0.172 in a 1 cm cell. Find its concentration and its A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio.”

Use this for “A 16-base primer has 7 A or T and 9 G or C. Estimate its melting temperature and GC content.”

Use this for “Someone breaks down 85 g of protein in a day. How much urea is made, and how much ATP does the urea cycle spend?”

Use this for “Does glycogen phosphorylase act when glycogen is made or when it is broken down? And phosphoglucomutase?”